Hidden diversity in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere environments: Reinstatement of the genus Rama and description of Vandenhoekia gen. nov. (Cladophoraceae,Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta), two highly variable genera

The continental coasts and remote islands in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere, including the subantarctic region, are characterized by many endemic species, high abundance of taxa, and intermediate levels of biodiversity. The macroalgal flora of these locations has received relatively little attention. Filamentous green algae are prolific in the intertidal of southern islands, but the taxonomy, distribution, and evolutionary history of these taxa are yet to be fully explored, mostly due to the difficulty of access to some of these locations. In this study, we examined specimens of the order Cladophorales from various locations in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere including the subantarctic (the Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Macquarie Island, and Kerguelen Islands), as well as mainland New Zealand, the Chatham Islands, Chile, and Tasmania. The analyses of the rDNA sequences of the samples revealed the existence of two new clades in a phylogeny of the Cladophoraceae. One of these clades is described as the novel genus Vandenhoekia gen. nov., which contains three species that are branched or unbranched. The amended genus Rama is reinstated to accommodate the other clade, and contains four species, including the Northern Hemisphere “Cladophora rupestris.” In Rama both branched and unbranched morphologies are found. It is remarkable that gross morphology is not a predictor for generic affiliations in these algae. This study illustrates that much can still be learned about diversity in the Cladophorales and highlights the importance of new collections, especially in novel locations.     

中华鳖阴茎头的组织学观察

2021年8月,在安徽省合肥市庐江县牛王寨采集到东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius)蛇类标本1号。经形态比较发现,该蛇明显不同于大别山地区已有的东亚腹链蛇属物种——棕黑腹链蛇(H. sauteri)和绣链腹链蛇(H. craspedogaster)。分子系统学分析显示,该标本与东亚腹链蛇(H. vibakari)遗传关系最近,且形态上符合东亚腹链蛇特征,提示该标本应为东亚腹链蛇。东亚腹链蛇是安徽省和大别山地区爬行动物分布新记录种,这也是该物种在中国东北地区之外首次被报道。该分布新记录扩大了对东亚腹链蛇的分布范围的认知,对东亚腹链蛇的种群分化和生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

湖南省发现云开脊蛇兼记棕脊蛇新地模标本

云开脊蛇(Achalinus yunkaiensis)之前仅在广东和广西有分布报道。本文基于形态比较及线粒体COI基因序列分子系统关系分析结果,确定采集于湖南省新宁县的1号雌性脊蛇标本(CIB 119041)为云开脊蛇,为湖南省新记录种。该标本鼻间鳞沟约等于前额鳞沟,上颔齿24枚;背鳞通身23行,腹鳞150枚,尾下鳞55枚;尾长与体长之比为0.203。至此共有4种脊蛇分布于湖南省。此外,本文还报道了棕脊蛇(A. rufescens)1号雄性地模标本(CIB 119042),该标本鼻间鳞沟长于前额鳞沟;背鳞通身23行,腹鳞153枚,尾下鳞62枚;尾长与体长之比0.201。分子系统发育结果显示,棕脊蛇种组各支系的系统地位还需进一步研究厘定。     

四川宜宾发现黔北角蟾

2021年7月在四川省宜宾市筠连县大雪山风景区乌岭沟东北（27°53′N,104°45′E,海拔1 380 m）采集到2号角蟾科（Megophryidae）布角蟾属（Boulenophrys）物种标本（标本号：WG202107005和WG202107006）。通过形态学比较并基于线粒体16S rRNA和细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列构建的最大似然树显示,2号标本是黔北角蟾（B. qianbeiensis）。目前,已知黔北角蟾分布于贵州省桐梓县黄连自然保护区和贵州省宽阔水国家级自然保护区,此次在四川宜宾发现黔北角蟾确定为四川省两栖类分布新记录种。     

湖南郴州发现岭南两头蛇

2022年8月,于湖南省郴州市永兴县湘阴渡镇（113°01′18′′E,26°11′87′′N,海拔174 m）采集到两头蛇活体标本1号,通过形态测量比较,发现所采集标本与中国广东省分布的岭南两头蛇（Calamariaarcana）形态特征基本一致;后基于线粒体Cytb基因片段进行分子系统发育分析,结果显示该标本与岭南两头蛇形成高支持率单系群（后验概率PP为1.00,自举值BS为100）,所采集标本与岭南两头蛇的遗传距离为1%。综合形态学和分子生物学证据,最终确定该标本为两头蛇科（Calamariidae）两头蛇属的岭南两头蛇,系湖南省蛇类分布新记录种。     

A new enantiornithine bird from Upper Cretaceous non-marine deposits at Villespassans (Hérault,southern France)

A coracoid of an enantiornithine bird from Upper Cretaceous (probably late Campanian) fluvial sediments at Castigno (Villespassans, Hérault, southern France) is described. It differs from all hitherto reported enantiornithine coracoids and is referred a new genus and species, Castignovolucris sebei. This bone is large and robust, indicating a bird that was among the largest known enantiornithines, possibly the size of a Canada Goose (Branta canadensis). The new taxon is an addition to the short list of Late Cretaceous birds from France and confirms that enantiornithines were an important component of European avifaunas until late in the Cretaceous.     

硕叶杜英,中国杜英科一新记录种

文章报道了产自中国云南杜英科杜英属一新记录种,硕叶杜英(Elaeocarpus grandifolius Kurz),并对硕叶杜英叶绿体基因组进行了测序和系统发育分析。该种与近缘种毛果杜英(Elaeocarpus rugosus)的区别是叶基部渐狭或下延,花瓣外部被锈色短柔毛,核果被锈色短柔毛,该种与水石榕(Elaeocarpus hainanensis)的区别是叶片长圆形或卵圆形,核果椭球形。     

横脊叶蝉科一新记录属及一新种：（同翅目：叶蝉总科）

本文记述分布在贵州的横脊叶蝉科1新记录属及1新种。模式标本保存在贵州农学院。 弯头叶蝉属Vangama Distant 1907中国新记录属 本属最显著的特征是头冠部向前极度延长突出,其长度约与后足胫节等长,端部向上弯曲,中央有1明显纵脊;颜面长大于宽,适度隆起,中央有1显著的纵脊;单眼位于头冠侧缘,着生在复眼前域。前胸背板宽大于长,中城隆起,向两侧斜倾,前缘弧圆突出,后缘微凹;小盾片宽三角形,微短于前胸背板;前翅狭长,爪片宽大,具4个端室。     

发现于贵州的中国新记录科—极蚊科并记述一新种：（双翅目：长角亚目）

双翅目长角亚目的极蚊科(Axymyiidae)为中国新记录科,是极罕见的昆虫,世界只记载过5种;现报道贵州梵净山的1个新种,模式标本藏北京农业大学昆虫标本室。 极蚊体型中等,粗壮而色暗,外貌象毛蚊类,Coquillett(1909)曾将北美种包括在毛蚊科的Eupeitenus属内。McAtee(1921)建立了Axymia furcata新属种,同时由Shannon(1921)讨论了其分类地位,作为殊蚊科(Anisopodida=Rhyphidae)的1个新     

中国新记录的隐粉蛉属及一新种记述：（脉翅目：粉蛉科）

隐粉蛉属Cryptoscenea在囊粉蛉亚科(Aleuropteryginae)中是比较特殊的,其前翅中脉上缺少一般均具有的2个脉鬃。Enderlein 1914年以其1906年所描述的Helicoconis australiensis作为模式种建立了此属,至今只记载有5个种,除1种在新几内亚外,其余均分布在澳洲,本文系此属在我国的首次纪录,并增加1新种。所有模式标本均保存在北京农业大学昆虫标本室。